Traumatic experiences caused by climate, such as experiencing a wildfire, can have lingering impacts on how our brains work, according to a UC San Diego study published Wednesday.
The researchers focused on survivors of the 2018 Camp Fire that raged in Butte County and remains the deadliest and most destructive wildfire in California's recorded history. According to the study, those survivors still have difficulty making decisions prioritizing long-term benefits.
"Our previous research has shown that survivors of California's 2018 Camp Fire experience prolonged symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression alongside hyper-distractibility," said Jyoti Mishra, the study's senior author and an associate professor at UCSD's School of Medicine and co-director of the University of California Climate Resilience Initiative.
"This new study suggests that climate trauma may also impact important cognitive abilities of decision-making and underlying brain function," Mishra added.
The research was published in Wednesday's Scientific Reports, part of the Nature portfolio of journals.
As wildfires become more frequent across the west thanks to the warming and drying of the climate, they are impacting the physical and mental health of thousands. This year, the devastating Palisades and Eaton fires in Los Angeles County and the smaller back-country Border 2 Fire in San Diego County brought the picture close to home once again.
Researchers found that wildfire survivors were "significantly less likely to stick with choices that offered long-term rewards," a behavior they tracked with a choice metric known as "Win-Stay."
All participants completed a decision-making task with monetary rewards while undergoing electroencephalogram brain recordings. Researchers evaluated their Win-Stay behavior, measuring how often they continued selecting the option with the highest long-term rewards.
According to the EEG brain scans the scientists took of the 75 study participants — 27 directly impacted by the Camp Fire, 21 indirectly exposed and 27 not exposed to the fire — heightened activity was found in a region of the brain associated with deep thought.
"It was clear that brains of study participants directly exposed to wildfires — as opposed to those not exposed — became significantly hyper- aroused when trying to make proper decision choices but they were still unable to execute the task well," said Jason Nan, a UCSD bioengineering graduate student and study first author. "We interpret this to mean that their brain was attempting to focus on making sound decisions, but they were unable to."
According to the researchers, understanding how "climate trauma" can affect decision-making could lead to new tools and treatments for those experiencing it.
"One potential intervention is mindfulness and compassion training, which has shown promise in suppressing ruminating thoughts and thereby, mitigating the effects of trauma," according to a statement from UCSD.
