It's a typical school day for Lisa Alaniz — she and her classmates stand in a warehouse-like room, cutting wood and piecing together the rafters of a shed. They're students at Texas State Technical College working toward an associate's degree in construction.
"I did [high school] online because that's when the pandemic hit," says Alaniz, 21. "And I just realized online school is not for me. Like, I'm very, very bad at computer work." Alaniz didn't want to spend her days trapped in an office, either. She wanted to pursue something more hands-on, which is what led her to the program here in Waco, about 100 miles south of Dallas.
Since the pandemic began, more than a million students have held off from going to college, opting to work instead. Two-year public schools have been among the hardest hit — they're down about three-quarters of a million students. Skilled-trades programs are the exception. Across the country, associate's degree programs in fields like HVAC and automotive repair have seen enrollment numbers swell.
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Alaniz's program is preparing her for work in a field where details matter. She learns key on-the-job skills each day, and that comes with plenty of mistakes. Today, in framing class, her group has already made a measurement error on the shed they're building. They'll have to fix it before they can proceed.
"It's always double-check, double-check, double-check," says Alaniz. "If we were to get out into a bigger project where that was like an actual house or an apartment, it will be totally thrown off, and that's just going to waste time, material, money, everything."
There's a shortage in qualified construction workers, according to a survey conducted in September 2021 by the Associated General Contractors of America. The survey found that 89% of contractors were having a difficult time finding workers who were trained for the job. That affects project timelines — 61% of contractors reported project delays because of workforce shortages.
Tony Chaffin, leader of the construction program at Texas State Technical College, says the demand for workers is "huge."
"We have contractors calling us weekly: 'Do you have anybody that can work?' " he says. "I mean, they just want people."
Part of the labor shortage can be attributed to experienced workers aging out of the field, Chaffin says. "The average building inspector is about 58 years old, so they're leaving faster than they're coming in."
The Associated General Contractors of America sees investing in skilled trades programs as crucial for addressing the shortage of qualified workers.
"The federal government only spends $1 on career training for every $6 it puts into college prep," says Steve Sandherr, the group's CEO. "This funding gap for career training is one of the main reasons so many contractors have a low opinion of the current pipeline for preparing new craft and construction professionals."
The heightened demand for students with a two-year degree or a certificate in skilled trades comes at a time when many prospective students are rethinking the value of college. For some students, graduating from a skilled-trades program could mean securing a high-paying job without taking on too much debt. A growing number of people without a bachelor's degree are out-earning their four-year college peers, according to a study from Georgetown University's Center on Education and the Workforce.
For Alaniz, one of the few women in the construction program, getting her degree is just the first step. Even though being around job sites comes naturally to her — she grew up helping her dad with his sandblasting business — she knows she doesn't want to be out on job sites doing hard labor forever.
"I want to be running it. But I have to learn the basics to it first before I can do that."
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