Homicides in California jumped 31% last year, making it the deadliest year since 2007, and Black people accounted for nearly one-third of all victims as the nation's most populous state struggled with the coronavirus pandemic and concerns over racial injustice, according to reports released Thursday.
The 2,202 homicides last year were 523 more than in 2019, while the rate increased by a similar margin — from 4.2 to 5.5 homicides per 100,000 people.
That's the most slayings since 2,258 people were killed in 2007, and the rate is the highest since 2008. Black people make up 6.5% of California’s population but accounted for 31% of all victims last year. Hispanic people accounted for 45%, while 16% were white.
Last year saw such a stark increase in homicides in part because the number and rate of homicides the year before were so low.
California’s 2019 homicide rate was the lowest since 1966, and violent and property crime rates in 2019 generally were among the lowest since the 1960s, four experts from the University of California, Berkeley’s California Policy Lab said in a related review focusing on cities with more than 100,000 people.
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California cities generally did better than those in other states that saw bigger per capita increases in homicides and aggravated assaults, experts said.
Yet last year, California had nearly 300 more homicides than the next most deadly year in the last decade — 2016, which had 1,930 slayings, according to annual reports from the state attorney general's office.
The increase in victims appears to be concentrated among Black and Hispanic men in their 20s and 30s and does not appear to be driven by a pandemic-related increase in domestic violence, said Mia Bird, one of the UC Berkeley experts.
Attorney General Rob Bonta said it’s unclear why homicides jumped, but he drew a connection to a 65.5% increase in sales of handguns and 45.9% increase in long-gun sales last year. The 686,435 handguns sold was a record, while the 480,401 rifles and shotguns was second only to 2016.
Nearly three-quarters of 2020 homicides involved a firearm, up from 69% a year earlier, while 911 calls for domestic violence involving a firearm rose 42%.
“We can safely say that the pandemic had a monumental impact on daily life,” Bonta said while promoting increased use of gun violence restraining orders to take firearms from those who may use them to harm themselves or others.
"With more weapons, more economic stagnation, more desperation, I think those are all potential components and drivers of where we are today,” he said.
Bonta noted that California has some of the nation’s toughest firearm laws and most people use their weapons properly but said the data shows there is still much to do.
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More than a third of homicides resulted from an argument, 28% were gang related, nearly 7% were tied to domestic violence and 8.5% were connected to a rape, robbery or burglary, his office reported.
Even with the dramatic jump in homicides, there was still a less than 1% increase in overall violent crime, according to the state reports. That's because robberies dropped about 14% and rapes 8%, though aggravated assaults were up nearly 9% and arsons 43%.
The pandemic and its accompanying stay-at-home orders and other restrictions led to erratic changes in crime patterns last year, the UC Berkeley experts said in a recent report to Gov. Gavin Newsom’s Committee on the Revision of the Penal Code.
“We were really surprised by the increase in homicide, but also that California is looking at worst, in step with the rest of the country and is even maybe looking a little bit better than what we’re seeing nationally," Bird said Thursday. "What that tells us is that it’s not something special about California, it’s a really serious issue for California and for the rest of the country.”
Property crimes dipped 7.7% during the pandemic, with California cities seeing a bigger decline compared with others nationwide that reported their rates to the FBI. It was led by a nearly 15% drop in larceny thefts and 4% drop in burglaries.
However, vehicle thefts jumped nearly 20% for reasons the experts could not explain.
They cited reduced social interactions from pandemic restrictions as the likely reason for drops in robbery, rape and larceny.
They pinned the timing of the changes in criminal behavior directly to California’s first-in-the-nation stay-at-home order when they took a closer look at the changes in Los Angeles, the state’s largest city.
“A return to normalcy post-pandemic may also rebalance California’s crime landscape,” the San Francisco-based Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, which favors criminal justice reforms, said in a report based on the same large city data. Last year “offers a unique window into the effects of isolation, job loss, business failure, and collective grief on community safety.”
